Abstract

Allergic rhinitis is a common health problem. Although nota life-threatening condition in most

cases, it has a substantial impact on public health and the economy. Because the nose is the most

common port of entry for allergens, in patients with allergies, signs and symptoms of allergic

rhinitis, not surprisingly, are the most common complaints. After initial exposure to an antigen,

antigen-processing cells (macrophages) present the processed peptides to T helper cells. Upon

subsequent exposure to the seme antigen, these cells are stimulated to differentiate. The B cells

may further differentiate into plasma cells and produce immunoglobulin E (lgE) specific to that

antigen. Allergen-specific lgE molecules then bind to the surface of mest cells and sensitize

them.Further exposures result in the release of preformed mediators from mest celi granules.

These mediators (ie, histamine, leukotrienes, kinins) cause early-phase symptoms such as

sneezing, rhinorrhea, and congestion. The 3 basic approaches for the treatment of allergies are

(1) avoidance, (2) pharmacotherapy, and (3) immunotherapy. Treatment should start with

avoidance of allergens and environmental controls. in almost all cases, however, pharmacotherapy is needed because the patient is either unwilling or unable to avoid allergens and to

control the occasiona 1 exacerbations of symptoms. For patients with a seve re al lergy that is not responsive to environmental controls and pharmacotherapy or for those who do not wish to use

medication fora lifetime, immunotherapy may be offered.

Keywords: Allergic rhinitis, diagnosis, treatment.

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Copyright and license

Copyright © 2008 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

How to cite

1.
Harmancı K, Razi CH. DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF ALLERGIC RHINITIS. Turk J Pediatr Dis [Internet]. 2008 Apr. 1 [cited 2025 Aug. 23];2(3):50-7. Available from: https://turkjpediatrdis.org/article/view/46