Öz

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare health-related quality of life (QoL) and anxiety/depressive symptoms in healthy siblings of children with celiac disease (CD) with age- and gender-similar healthy siblings of children without chronic illness.

Materials and Methods: This controlled cross-sectional study, conducted in a pediatric gastroenterology and child psychiatry setting at a tertiary-care hospital, enrolled healthy siblings aged 8–17 years into a CD-sibling group (n=70) and a control group (n=70). Sociodemographic data were collected using a standardized form, QoL was assessed using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) Generic Core Scales, and psychiatric symptoms were assessed using the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS). Between-group comparisons and Spearman rank correlations were used, and predictors of total anxiety and psychosocial QoL were examined using univariable and multivariable linear regression.

Results: Sociodemographic and familial characteristics were largely comparable between groups. Compared with controls, the CD-sibling group had higher total anxiety scores (p=0.007), whereas depressive symptoms were similar between groups (p=0.758). Psychosocial and total QoL were lower in the CD-sibling group (both p<0.001), while physical QoL did not differ between groups (p=0.201). In multivariable models within the CD-sibling group, longer time since diagnosis and maternal psychiatric disorder independently predicted higher anxiety and poorer psychosocial QoL, whereas a greater number of siblings predicted lower anxiety and better psychosocial QoL.

Conclusion: Healthy siblings of children with CD experience increased anxiety and reduced psychosocial/total QoL, underscoring the importance of family-centered monitoring that includes sibling well-being and maternal mental health.

Kaynakça

  1. Yadav PK. The Impact of Pediatric Chronic Illness on Family Dynamics and Parental Health: Challenges and Coping Mechanisms. International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research. 2024;6(3). https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i03.22732
  2. Khan MSN, Fahad S, Haider M, Hasan SA, Chaudhry S, Amjad T. Long-Term Management of Pediatric Chronic Diseases: Improving Quality of Life and Reducing Hospital Admissions in Children With Asthma, Cystic Fibrosis, Diabetes, and Epilepsy. Cureus. 2024; 16(12): e76529. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.76529
  3. Sutthisompohn S, Kusol K. Association Between Caregivers’ Family Management and Quality of Life in Children with Chronic Disease in Southern Thailand. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2021;15:2165-2174. https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S327553
  4. Dinleyici M, Carman KB, Özdemir C, et al. Quality-of-Life Evaluation of Healthy Siblings of Children with Chronic Illness. Balkan Med J. 2019;37(1):34-42. https://doi.org/10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2019.2019.7.142
  5. Kelada L, Wakefield CE, Drew D, et al. Siblings of young people with chronic illness: Caring responsibilities and psychosocial functioning. Journal of Child Health Care. 2022;26(4):581-96. https://doi.org/10.1177/13674935211033466
  6. Martinez B, Pechlivanoglou P, Meng D, et al. Clinical Health Outcomes of Siblings of Children with Chronic Conditions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Pediatr. 2022;250:83-92.e8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.07.002
  7. Quintana Mariñez MG, Chakkera M, Ravi N, et al. The Other Sibling: Mental Health Effects on a Healthy Sibling of a Child With a Chronic Disease: A Systematic Review. Cureus. 2022;14(9): e29042. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.29042
  8. Dinleyici M, Sahin Dagli F. Evaluation of quality of life of healthy siblings of children with chronic disease. Turk Pediatri Ars. 2019;53(4):205-13. https://doi.org/10.5152/TurkPediatriArs.2018.6778
  9. Kirchhofer SM, Orm S, Briggs NE, et al. Siblings in families of children with chronic disorders: a model of risk and protective factors. J Pediatr Psychol. 2025;50(6):488-99. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsaf017
  10. Deavin A, Greasley P, Dixon C. Children’s Perspectives on Living With a Sibling With a Chronic Illness. Pediatrics. 2018;142(2):e20174151. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-4151
  11. Fredriksen T, Orm S, Prentice CM, et al. Disorder Type and Severity as Predictors of Mental Health in Siblings of Children with Chronic Disorders. J Autism Dev Disord. Published online February 25, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-025-06771-6
  12. Gonzalez KE, Isik E. Anxiety and depression in children with siblings who have special health care needs: A systematic review. J Pediatr Nurs. 2024;79:e38-e44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2024.09.016
  13. Caio G, Volta U, Sapone A, et al. Celiac disease: a comprehensive current review. BMC Med. 2019;17(1):142. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-019-1380-z
  14. Mazzola AM, Zammarchi I, Valerii MC, et al. Gluten-Free Diet and Other Celiac Disease Therapies: Current Understanding and Emerging Strategies. Nutrients. 2024;16(7):1006. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16071006
  15. Wieser H, Segura V, Ruiz-Carnicer Á, Sousa C, Comino I. Food Safety and Cross-Contamination of Gluten-Free Products: A Narrative Review. Nutrients. 2021;13(7):2244. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072244
  16. Satherley R, Coburn SS, Germone M. The Impact of Celiac Disease on Caregivers’ Well‐being. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2020;70(3):295-303. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0000000000002572
  17. Germone MM, Ariefdjohan M, Stahl M, et al. Family ties: the impact of celiac disease on children and caregivers. Quality of Life Research. 2022;31(7):2107-18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-021-03078-8
  18. Coburn S, Rose M, Sady M, et al. Mental Health Disorders and Psychosocial Distress in Pediatric Celiac Disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2020;70(5):608-14. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0000000000002605
  19. Russo C, Wolf RL, Leichter HJ, et al. Impact of a Child’s Celiac Disease Diagnosis and Management on the Family. Dig Dis Sci. 2020;65(10):2959-69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-020-06316-0
  20. Stojanović B, Kočović A, Radlović N, et al. Assessment of Quality of Life, Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms in Serbian Children with Celiac Disease and their Parents. The Indian Journal of Pediatrics. 2019;86(5):427-32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-018-2836-4
  21. Elhabashy SA, Elhenawy YI, Hassan HA, Abdelmageed RI. Siblings of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus: Psychosocial health, coping. J Pediatr Nurs. 2023;73:e516-e524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2023.10.024
  22. Schamong AS, Liebermann-Jordanidis H, Brockmeier K, Sticker E, Kalbe E. Psychosocial well-being and quality of life in siblings of children with congenital heart disease: A systematic review. Journal of Child Health Care. 2022;26(2):319-337. https://doi.org/10.1177/13674935211012933
  23. Long KA, Lehmann V, Gerhardt CA, Carpenter AL, Marsland AL, Alderfer MA. Psychosocial functioning and risk factors among siblings of children with cancer: An updated systematic review. Psychooncology. 2018;27(6):1467-79. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.4669
  24. Husby S, Koletzko S, Korponay‐Szabó I, et al. European Society Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Guidelines for Diagnosing Coeliac Disease 2020. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2020;70(1):141-56. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0000000000002497
  25. Varni JW, Seid M, Kurtin PS. PedsQLTM 4.0: Reliability and Validity of the Pediatric Quality of Life InventoryTM Version 4.0 Generic Core Scales in Healthy and Patient Populations. Med Care. 2001;39(8):800-12. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005650-200108000-00006
  26. Cakin Memik N, Ağaoğlu B, Coşkun A, Uneri OS, Karakaya I. The validity and reliability of the Turkish Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory for children 13-18 years old. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2007;18(4):353-63.
  27. Memik NC, Agaoglu B, Coskun A, Karakaya I. The Validity and Reliability of Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory in 8-12 Year Old Turkish Children. Turk J Child Adolesc Ment Health . 2008;15(2):87-98.
  28. Gormez V, Kılınçaslan A, Orengul AC, et al. Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale - Child Version in a clinical sample. Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2017;27(1):84-92. https://doi.org/10.1080/24750573.2017.1297494
  29. Chorpita BF, Yim L, Moffitt C, Umemoto LA, Francis SE. Assessment of symptoms of DSM-IV anxiety and depression in children: a revised child anxiety and depression scale. Behaviour research and therapy. 2000;38(8):835-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00130-8
  30. Kutahyalioglu NS, Kaş Alay G. Lived Experiences of Parents of Children with Celiac Disease: A Descriptive Qualitative Study. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr. 2024;27(3):146. https://doi.org/10.5223/pghn.2024.27.3.146
  31. Kara A, Demirci E, Ozmen S. Evaluation of Psychopathology and Quality of Life in Children with Celiac Disease and their Parents. Gazi Medical Journal. 2019;30(1). https://doi.org/10.12996/gmj.2019.11
  32. Daundasekara SS, Beauchamp JES, Hernandez DC. Parenting stress mediates the longitudinal effect of maternal depression on child anxiety/depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord. 2021;295:33-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.002
  33. Radicke A, Barkmann C, Adema B, Daubmann A, Wegscheider K, Wiegand-Grefe S. Children of Parents with a Mental Illness: Predictors of Health-Related Quality of Life and Determinants of Child-Parent Agreement. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(2):379. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020379
  34. Sutherland S, Nestor BA, Pine AE, Garber J. Characteristics of maternal depression and children’s functioning: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Family Psychology. 2022;36(5):671-80. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000940
  35. Wang Y, Wu X, Chen H. Mothers’ depressive symptoms and children’s behavioral adjustment: The role of negative parental emotional states. Journal of Family Psychology. 2023;37(8):1220-9. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0001151
  36. Silva LC, Nakano EY, Zandonadi RP. Division of Responsibility in Child Feeding and Eating Competence: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Sample of Caregivers of Brazilian Children with Celiac Disease. Nutrients. 2024;16(7):1052. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16071052
  37. Blamires J, Foster M, Rasmussen S, Zgambo M, Mörelius E. The experiences and perceptions of healthy siblings of children with a long-term condition: Umbrella review. J Pediatr Nurs. 2024;77:191-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2024.03.022
  38. Eidi F, Mirzaie Taklimi M, Taheri-Ezbarami Z, Faraji-Nesfechi E, Kazemnejad Leili E. Predictors of the quality of life in siblings of children with chronic diseases. J Pediatr Nurs. 2024;79:e8-e15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2024.08.012
  39. Schumann A, Vatne TM, Fjermestad KW. What challenges do siblings of children with chronic disorders express to their parents? A thematic analysis of 73 sibling-parent dialogues. J Pediatr Nurs. 2024;76:91-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2024.01.032
  40. England-Mason G, Gonzalez A. Intervening to shape children’s emotion regulation: A review of emotion socialization parenting programs for young children. Emotion. 2020;20(1):98-104. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000638

Telif hakkı ve lisans

Telif hakkı © 2026 Yazar(lar). Açık erişimli bu makale, orijinal çalışmaya uygun şekilde atıfta bulunulması koşuluyla, herhangi bir ortamda veya formatta sınırsız kullanım, dağıtım ve çoğaltmaya izin veren Creative Commons Atıf Lisansı (CC BY) altında dağıtılmıştır.

Nasıl atıf yapılır

1.
Teke H, Tuter Mavi H, Teke S, Ergen YM, Akçay BI, Congoloğlu MA, et al. Psychosocial outcomes in healthy siblings of children with celiac disease: A controlled cross-sectional study. Turk J Pediatr Dis. 2026;20(4):283-289. https://doi.org/10.12956/TJPD.2026.1316