Abstract

Objective: In this study, booster dose vaccine response was evaluated after performing a vaccine schedule at 0, 1st and 6th months among 83 children aged between 2 and 16 years who were primary hepatitis B vaccine non-responders and we tried to determine which groups were sensitive concerning vaccine response.

Material and Methods: Euvax B vaccine which included 10 μg HBsAg was administered in 3 doses for the second time at 0, 1 and 6 months as 0.5 ml intramuscularly in the deltoid muscle to 83 healthy children aged between 2 and 16 years who were primary hepatitis B vaccine non-responders and their vaccine status was determined with tests before minor surgery. Blood tests were taken three times from children at 1, 6 and 7 months after the first vaccination and anti-HBs titer was evaluated by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique.

Results: The mean age of the children was 9.3±3.6 years (2-15,9 years). The anti-HBs geometric mean concentration was found to be 537.97±377.51 mIU/mL (0.6-1000) after the first vaccination, as 309.33± 337.45 mIU/mL (8-1000) after the second vaccination and as 609.78±347.43 mIU/mL (11.1-1000) following the third vaccination. Anti-HBs positive conversion rates in T1 were compared in 81 children who had been checked after the first vaccination and anti-HBs positive conversion rates were found to be significantly lower in children whose anti-HBs titer was under 1 mlU/ml before vaccination (p=0,01, Z -3.29, U 469). There was no difference concerning T6 and T7 between these two groups. Anti-HBs positive conversion rates in T6 and T7 were found to be significantly higher in children with malnutrition (p=0.008, Z -2.56, U 60.5, p=0.03, Z -2.11, U 26.5).

Conclusion: When observing the rapid decrease in T6 in contrast with the two dose vaccination, it is thought that anti-HBs seroconversion rates and anti-HBs geometric mean concentration are related with reminding, anti-HBs titer before vaccination and checking time of anti-HBs rather than the number of reminding doses. In fact, we believe that 3 dose vaccination is better among those children whose anti-HBs titer is under <1 mIU/mL and who have malnutrition.

Keywords: Booster vaccination, Child, Hepatitis B virus

References

  1. Immunization Coverage. Availablefrom:http://www.who.int/media-centre/factsheets/fs378/en/. Accessed date: 1 Haziran, 2016
  2. Zhuang GH,Yan H, Wang XL.Risk factors of and mechanism for non-responsiveness to hepatitis B vaccination.Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2006;14:157-60.
  3. Averhoff F, Mahoney F, Coleman P, Schatz G, Hurwitz E, Margolis H. Immunogenicity of hepatitis B Vaccines. Implications for persons at occupational risk of hepatitis B virus infection.Am J Prev Med1998;15:1–8.
  4. http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/hepb.html(8.5.2017)
  5. Toy M, Önder FO, Wörmann T, Bozdayi AM, Schalm SW, Borsboom GJ, et al. Age- and region-specific hepatitis B prevalence in Turkey estimated using generalized linear mixed models: A systematic review. BMC Infectious Diseases 2011;11:337.
  6. Bonanni P, Pesavento G, Boccalini S, Bechini A. Perspectives of public health: Present and foreseen impact of vaccination on the epidemiology of hepatitis B. J Hepatol 2003;39:224-9.
  7. Ozmert EN. Dünya’da ve Türkiye’de aşılama takvimindeki gelişmeler. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi 2008;51:168-75.
  8. Jafarzadeh A, Zarei S, Shokri F. Low dose revaccination induces robust protective anti-HBs antibody response in the majority of healthy non-responder neonates. Vaccine2008;26:269-76.
  9. Behre U, Bleckmann G, Crasta PD, Leyssen M, Messier M, Jacquet JM. Long-term anti-HBs antibody persistence and immune memory in children and adolescents who received routine childhood hepatitis B vaccination. Hum Vaccin Immunother2012;8:813-8.
  10. Gilca V, De Serres G, Boulianne N, Murphy D, De Wals P, Ouakki M. Antibody persistence and the effect of a booster dose given 5, 10 or 15years after vaccinating preadolescents with a recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. Vaccine 2013;31:448-51.
  11. Fitz Simons D, François G, Hall A, McMahon B, Meheus A, Zanetti A. Long-term efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine, booster policy, and impact of hepatitis B virus mutants. Vaccine2005;23:4158-66.
  12. West DJ, Calandra GB. Vaccine induced immunologic memory for hepatitis B surface antigen: Implications for policy on booster vaccination. Vaccine1996;14:1019-27.
  13. Lu CY, Chiang BL, Chi WK, Chang MH, Ni YH, Hsu HM, et al. Waning immunity to plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine and the need for boosters 15 years after neonatal vaccination. Hepatology 2004;40:1415-20.
  14. McMahon BJ, Bruden DL, Petersen KM, Bulkow LR, Parkinson AJ, Nainan O, et al. Antibody levels and protection after hepatitis B vaccination: results of a 15-year follow-up. Ann Intern Med 2005;142:333-41.
  15. Hadler SC, Francis DP, Maynard JE, Thompson SE, Judson FN, Echenberg DF, et al. Long-term immunogenicity and efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine in homosexual men. N Engl J Med 1986; 315:209-14.
  16. Pan HX,Zeng Y,Song XF,Zhang YJ,Xu K,Liang ZL, et al. Immune response to hepatitis B vaccine with high antigen content in non-responders after standard primary vaccination in Chinese adults. Vaccine2014;17:3706-12.
  17. Schonberger K, Riedel C, Ruckinger S, Mansmann U, Jilg W, Kries RV. Determinants of Long-term protection after hepatitis B vaccination in infancy: A meta-analysis. Pediatr Infect Dis J2013;32:307-13.
  18. Goncalves L, Albarran B, Salmen S, Borges L, Fields H, Montes H, et al. The nonresponse to hepatitis B vaccination is associated with impaired lymphocyte activation. Virology 2004;326:20-8.
  19. Tajiri K, Shimizu Y. Problems and future perspectives of hepatitis B virus vaccination. World J Gastroenterol 2015;21:7074–83.
  20. Asturias EJ,Mayorga C,Caffaro C,Ramirez P,Ram M,Verstraeten T, et al. Differences in the immuneresponse to hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines in Guatemalan infants by ethnic group and nutritional status. Vaccine2009;2:3650-4.
  21. Poorolajal J, Mahmoodi M, Majdzadeh R, Nasseri-Moghaddam S, Haghdoost A, Fotouhi A. Long-term protection provided by hepatitis B vaccine and need for booster dose: A meta-analysis. Vaccine 2010;28:623-31.
  22. Hudu SA, Malik YA, Niazlin MT, Harmal NS, Adnan A, Alshrari AS. Antibody and immune memory persistence post infant hepatitis B vaccination. Patient Prefer Adherence 2013;7:981-6.
  23. Chen YS, Chu CH, Wang JH, Lin JS, Chang YC. Predictors of boosterresponse to Hepatitis B vaccineat 15 years ofage: A cross-sectional school-based study. Pediatr Neonatol 2015;15:174-6.
  24. Salama II, Sami SM, Salama SI, Foud WA, Abdel Hamid AT, Said ZN. Persistence of protection to hepatitis B vaccine and response to booster dose among children and adolescents in Dakahleya- Egypt. Egypt J Immunol 2014;21:13-26.
  25. Çekmez F, Canpolat FE, Erdinç K, Çetinkaya M, Akın O, Pamuk U, et al. Response to hepatitis B vaccine differs by birthweight among neonates. Vaccine 2011;29:3096-7.
  26. Fan W, Chen XF, Shen C, Guo ZR, Dong C. Hepatitis B vaccineresponse inobesity: A meta-analysis.Vaccine 2016;34:4835-41.
  27. Cuille MAR, Seck A, Njouom R, Chartier L, Sow HD, Mamadou KAS, et al. Low immune response to hepatitis B vaccine among children in Dakar, Senegal. PLoS One 2012;7:1-4.
  28. Lin CS,Xie SB,Liu J,Zhao ZX,Chong YT,Gao ZL. Effect ofrevaccinationusing different schemes among adults with low or undetectable anti-HBs titers afterhepatitis Bvirus vaccination. Clin Vaccine Immunol2010;17:1548-51.
  29. Velu V, Nandakumar S, Shanmugam S, Jadhav SS, Kulkarni PS, Thyagarajan SP.Comparison of three different recombinant hepatitis B vaccines: GeneVac-B, Engerix B and Shanvac B in high risk infants born to HBsAg positive mothers in India.World J Gastroenterol 2007;13:3084-9.
  30. Zhang Y, Jiang W, Fan Y, Wen J, Hao W, Qian M.Engineering enhancement of the immune response to HBV DNA vaccine in mice by the use of LIGHT gene adjuvant.J Virol Methods 2008;153:142-8.
  31. Rapicetta M, D’Ugo E, Argentini C, Catone S, Canitano A, Giuseppetti R, et al. New perspectives for hepatitis B vaccines and immunization.Vaccine 2009;27:3271-5.
  32. Chen Y, Lv H, Gu H, Cui F, Wang F, Yao J, et al. The effects of different dosage levels ofhepatitisB vaccineas boosteron anti-HBs-negative children 5-15 y after primary immunization; China, 2009-2010.Hum Vaccin Immunother 2014;10:498-504.
  33. Qawasmi M, Samuh M, Glebe D, Gerlich WH, Azzeh M. Age-dependent decrease of anti-HBs titers and effect of booster doses using 2 different vaccines in Palestinian children vaccinated in early childhood.Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015;11:1717-24.

Copyright and license

Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

How to cite

1.
Kara Uzun A. Booster Dose Vaccine Response among Children Who were Primary Hepatitis B Vaccine Non-Responders and Sensitive Groups Concerning Vaccine Response. Turk J Pediatr Dis [Internet]. 2019 May 24 [cited 2025 Aug. 23];13(3):160-4. Available from: https://turkjpediatrdis.org/article/view/607