Turkish Journal of Pediatric Disease
type: channel
publisher: Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Children’s Hospital
language: en
publication name: Turkish Journal of Pediatric Disease
issn: 1307-4490
copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
items: Recurrent isolated torsion of fallopian tube in premenarcheal 12-year-old girl
items: Recurrent pericarditis in children: Clinical findings and outcomes
items: The relationship between body image, self-esteem, and body mass index in primary school children
items: Gender effect on dextranomer hyaluronic acid injection material durability: A rat bladder model
items: A 11-year retrospective analysis of intussusception cases in children
items: Health literacy levels of adolescents and their parents visiting a pediatric outpatient clinic
items: Do hematologic parameters predict coronary artery involvement in children with Kawasaki disease? A retrospective study
items: C-reactive protein as a predictor of complication and hospital stay in pediatric appendicitis: Role of inflammatory biomarkers
items: Assessment of enteral nutrition in preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus undergoing medical treatment
items: Evaluation of basic life support training provided to mothers of preterm infants
items: Efficacy and safety of levetiracetam treatment in childhood epilepsy
items: From bedside to revisit: identifying risk factors for outpatient revisits following pediatric viral lower respiratory tract infections – insights from hospitalized cases of RSV, HBoV and influenza
items: Enhancing the Capacity of Health Systems to Overcome Challenges and Strengthening Nurses and other Healthcare Professionals in COVID-19 Process
items: Management of Trauma And Surgical Procedures in Children During The COVID-19 Pandemic
items: Adverse Drug Reactions During COVID-19 Treatment
items: COVID-19 Management in Children: Approach in Pediatric Cardiology
items: Cytokine Release Syndrome and Treatment in COVID-19
items: Use of Convalesant Plasma in CoOVID-19 Infection
items: Hematologic Parameters of Patients with COVID-19 Infection
items: SARS COV-2 Infection in Children with Leukemia
items: Coagulation System Abnormalities in Patients With COVID-19 Infection
items: COVID-19 Management in Pediatric Emergency Medicine
items: Radiology of COVID-19 in Children
items: SARS-CoV-2 in Terms of Medical Microbiology Laboratory
items: Personnel Protective Equipment for Healthcare Professionals During COVID-19 Pandemic
items: Treatment of children with COVID-19
items: COVID-19 and Children: From an Epidemiological Perspective
items: Evaluation of child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinic admissions during the COVID-19 pandemic
items: Psychomotor Retardation and Agenesis of Vena Cava Inferior and Sacrum Associated with Unusual Features of Vacterl Anomalies
items: Late Diagnosis of a Patient with Morquio Syndrome

Recurrent isolated torsion of fallopian tube in premenarcheal 12-year-old girl
type: item
description: Isolated torsion of the fallopian tube is an uncommon event. It is a difficult condition to evaluate clinically and surgery is often necessary to establish the diagnosis. In this case report, a 12 year old female isolated fallopian tube torsion (ITT) -a rare condition in the pediatric age group requiring laparoscopic surgery due to recurrance- is presented with acute pelvic pain, nausea, and vomiting. A diagnostic laparoscopy was performed which confirmed the diagnosis of isolated tubal torsion. Based on this experience as well as other similar reported cases, isolated torsion of the fallopian tube should beconsidered in the differential diagnosis of acute lower abdominal/pelvic pain in the female patient. Prompt surgical intervention may allow for preservation of the tube.
subject: Case Report
  topic: section
subject: Adolescent
  topic: keywords
subject: fallopian tube
  topic: keywords
subject: laparoscopy
  topic: keywords
subject: torsion
  topic: keywords
creator: Fatma Tuğba Güçlü
creator: Sevim Yener
creator: Zeliha Yıldız
creator: Hayriye Karaman Ayyıldız
creator: Zekeriya İlçe
rights: Copyright © 2026 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-15
publication date: 2026-01-15
starting page: 1
ending page: 4
doi: 10.12956/TJPD.2025.1244

Recurrent pericarditis in children: Clinical findings and outcomes
type: item
description: Objective: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical findings and follow-up data of children with recurrent pericarditis (RP). Material and Methods: This study had a retrospective design and included pediatric patients with recurrent pericarditis evaluated between January 2017 to January 2023. The initial diagnosis of pericarditis was made according to the criteria determined in the European Society of Cardiology guideline. Results: We enrolled 16 children (14 males) with recurrent pericarditis with median age 12.8 (8 – 17) years. Eight patients (50%) presented with fever, pericardial effusion in 11 patients (68.7%). Pericardiocentesis was performed in 9 (56.2%) patients. The median erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR); C-reactive protein (CRP) levels at the time of diagnosis were 43 (25-70) mm/h and 107 (61-190) mg/dl, respectively. In total, 16 patients had 36 recurrences during follow-up. The main symptom during the relapses was chest pain, similar to that of the first attack. Four patients (25%) had a history of previous cardiac surgery. Three patients were treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) only. NSAID and colchicine were administered to 13 patients. One patient received corticosteroid and one patient received anakinra treatment. Conclusion: Patients with recurrent pericarditis in childhood have an autoinflammatory phenotype. Furthermore, successful management of patients with recurrent pericarditis requires a teamwork approach involving cardiologists, rheumatologists and clinical immunologists.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Autoinflammation
  topic: keywords
subject: childhood
  topic: keywords
subject: colchicine
  topic: keywords
subject: pericarditis
  topic: keywords
creator: İlknur Bağrul
creator: Elif Arslanoğlu Aydın
creator: Esra Bağlan
creator: Vehbi Doğan
creator: Utku Arman Örün
rights: Copyright © 2026 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-15
publication date: 2026-01-15
starting page: 1
ending page: 6
doi: 10.12956/TJPD.2025.1243

The relationship between body image, self-esteem, and body mass index in primary school children
type: item
description: Objective: With the increasing prevalence of childhood obesity, there is a growing interest in understanding how the ideal body image influence children’s self-perception and whether this may potentially lead to various psychological problems. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the relationship between body image, self-esteem, and Body Mass Index (BMI) in primary school children, to identify individuals at risk at an early stage. Material and Methods: The study sample consisted of 342 primary school children aged 6-12 years. The Sociodemographic Information, Children’s Body Image Scale (CBIS) and Children’s Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (CRSS) were used to gather data. Body weight and height were measured, and BMI was calculated. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, Mann–Whitney U, Kruskal–Wallis, Spearman correlation, and multiple linear regression tests. Results: BMI was moderately associated with perceived body image (r = 0.428; p < 0.001) and body dissatisfaction (r = 0.422; p < 0.001) but showed minimal correlation with self-esteem and age (CRSS: r = 0.011, p > 0.05; NSE: r = 0.002, p > 0.05; PSE: r = 0.014, p > 0.05; Age: r = 0.032, p > 0.05), while self-esteem measures did not significantly differ by body satisfaction status (CRSS: H = 0.599, p = 0.741; NSE: H = 0.293, p = 0.864; PSE: H = 0.950, p = 0.622). Regression analysis identified BMI (B = 0.094; 95% CI: 0.071–0.116; β = 0.411; p < 0.001) as the strongest predictor of body dissatisfaction, followed by age (B = 0.078; 95% CI: 0.006–0.150; β = 0.106; p = 0.035), whereas other sociodemographic and psychological variables, including gender (B = 0.199; p = 0.122) and self-esteem (NSE: B = −0.022, p = 0.368; PSE: B = 0.023, p = 0.469), did not significantly predict dissatisfaction levels. Conclusion: BMI has a significant influence on body image perception in primary school-aged children, whereas self-esteem appears to be less affected by body satisfaction at this developmental stage. These results highlig…
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
creator: Tuğba Tatar
rights: Copyright © 2025 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
starting page: 1
ending page: 8
doi: 10.12956/TJPD.2025.1127

Gender effect on dextranomer hyaluronic acid injection material durability: A rat bladder model
type: item
description: Objective: In failed cases treated with the endoscopic sub-ureteric injection method, no residue from the previous injection material was found during cystoscopy at the second injection. The clinical observation of an increased incidence of recurrent reflux in girls than in boys reminds us that bladder gender may influence the stability of the injection material. The aim of the study was to determine whether there is a gender-related difference in the durability of the subureteric injection material. Material and Methods: Twenty male and female Wistar-Albino rats were evenly divided into four groups. The experimental group received a submucosal injection of 0.1cc dextranomer hyaluronic acid copolymer (Dexell®) into the bladder. In addition, the control group received 0.1cc of 0.9% NaCl. Tissue hyaluronidase activity was measured biochemically using the ELISA method. The injection sites were assessed histopathologically and immunohistochemically with CD31 and CD34 Rabbit Monoclonal Antibodies. Results: Biochemically, tissue hyaluronidase activity in female groups was statistically significantly higher than in males. Histopathologically, there were no significant differences between the genders or between the experimental and control groups in relation to fibrosis formation. Regarding immunohistochemistry, angiogenesis was statistically significantly higher in all females, regardless of whether they were in the study or control group, compared to males. Concerning progenitor cell activity, there is no difference between the genders, whereas the difference between the study and control groups was significant. Conclusion: Biochemically, higher hyaluronidase activity in the female rat bladder may cause a faster breakdown of the hyaluronic acid compound in the injection material. The high permeability of inflammatory cells in the female rat bladder, as detected histochemically, may accelerate the destruction process with the aid of lytic enzymes in these cells.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Bladder
  topic: keywords
subject: children
  topic: keywords
subject: gender
  topic: keywords
subject: vesicoureteral reflux
  topic: keywords
creator: Sevim Ecem Ünluü Ballı
creator: Hatice Surer
creator: Pelin Secken
creator: Gökhan Berktuğ Bahadır
creator: Gulcin Şimşek
creator: Suzi Demirbag
creator: Ilhami Surer
rights: Copyright © 2026 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-15
publication date: 2026-01-15
starting page: 1
ending page: 6
doi: 10.12956/TJPD.2025.1239

A 11-year retrospective analysis of intussusception cases in children
type: item
description: Objective: Intussusception is a prevalent etiology of emesis and abdominal discomfort in pediatric patients. This investigation sought to elucidate the correlation between epidemiological factors, clinical progression, diagnostic procedures, therapeutic interventions, and patient outcomes, with particular emphasis on the safety profile of hydrostatic reduction in subjects presenting with intussusception. Material and Methods: In this retrospective study, we analyzed the data of children who were diagnosed and treated for intussusception in the hospital database and the Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS) from January 2013 to December 2023. Demographic data, symptoms at presentation, mode of diagnosis, treatment modality, and associated complications were also recorded. Results: Of the 165 patients, 60% were boys and 40% were girls, with a mean age of 35.5 years (1-193 months). Of the patients, 44.2% (n= 73) were presented within 24 hours of symptom onset. All patients had abdominal pain, and 24 (14.5%) had the classic triad of abdominal pain, vomiting, and red stools. Ultrasonography-guided hydrostatic reduction (USHR) and surgery resulted in a cure in 134 (93.3%) and 31 (6.7%) patients, respectively. The overall recurrence rate was 16.3%, with no mortality. There was a statistically significant difference between the length of the invaginated segment (4 cm or more) and USHR (p=0.004). Conclusion: The USHR of invagination is effective regardless of the duration of symptoms and number of recurrences.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Child
  topic: keywords
subject: intestinal obstruction
  topic: keywords
subject: intussusception
  topic: keywords
subject: surgery
  topic: keywords
subject: ultrasonography
  topic: keywords
creator: Onursal Varlıklı
creator: Mustafa Alper Akay
creator: Beyza Nur Tağman
creator: Berk Sünnetçi
creator: Gülşen Ekingen Yıldız
rights: Copyright © 2025 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-21
publication date: 2025-11-21
starting page: 334
ending page: 339
doi: 10.12956/TJPD.2025.1233

Health literacy levels of adolescents and their parents visiting a pediatric outpatient clinic
type: item
description: Objective: This study aimed to assess the health literacy (HL) levels of adolescents and their parents attending the pediatric outpatient clinic of a training and research hospital and to evaluate the hypothesis that HL correlates with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels, serum vitamin B12 (cobalamin) levels and sociodemographic characteristics. Material and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study included 302 adolescents aged 14 years and older, along with their parents, who attended the general pediatrics outpatient clinic of Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital from November to December 2022. Data were collected using a sociodemographic information form, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels, serum vitamin B12 levels of adolescents according to hospital records, the Hacettepe University Health Literacy Scale-Long Form (HU-HL) for parents, and the Adolescent e-Health Literacy Scale (eHEALS) for adolescents. Non-parametric statistical tests were used due to the non-normal distribution of the data. Results: The mean age of adolescents was 15.47±1.09 years, with 56% identified as female. The mean age of the parents was 44.49±5.02 years, with 84.8% being mothers. Among parents, 21.2% exhibited low HL levels, 57.3% shown moderate levels, and 21.5% displayed high levels. The average total score of eHEALS was 27.78±5.40. Female parents exhibited markedly superior HL scores compared to male parents (p=0.003). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) levels, serum vitamin B12 (cobalamin) levels, as well as body mass index (BMI), exhibited no significant correlation with HL scores. Nonetheless, parents of female adolescents had markedly higher HL scores compared to those of male adolescents (p=0.013). Conclusion: Parents of female adolescents demonstrated significantly higher HL levels than those of male adolescents. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to address HL disparities among caregivers and adolescents. Future research should exp…
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Adolescent
  topic: keywords
subject: health literacy
  topic: keywords
subject: parents
  topic: keywords
creator: Mahmut Talha Uçar
creator: Busenur Ergül
creator: Esra Çiçek
creator: Selman Aktaş
creator: Çağatay Nuhoğlu
rights: Copyright © 2025 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-21
publication date: 2025-11-21
starting page: 327
ending page: 333
doi: 10.12956/TJPD.2025.1228

Do hematologic parameters predict coronary artery involvement in children with Kawasaki disease? A retrospective study
type: item
description: Objective: Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute systemic vasculitis of childhood that may lead to coronary artery involvement (CAI) if not promptly treated. Early identification of laboratory predictors for coronary complications is essential. This study aimed to identify early laboratory predictors of coronary complications in KD, to help clinicians assess risk during the acute phase. Material and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 38 pediatric KD patients. Clinical and laboratory data—including hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Htc), white blood cell count (WBC), platelet counts (PLT), C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), liver enzymes, and Harada scores—were collected and compared between patients with and without CAI. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: The mean age was 35.0±32.6 months, with 65.8% male. CAI was observed in 16 of 38 patients (42.1%). No statistically significant differences were found in the laboratory values at diagnosis between patients with and without CAI. Conclusion: Routine hematological and inflammatory markers at admission were not predictive of CAI in KD. These findings highlight the need for high clinical suspicion in incomplete cases and suggest that incorporating clinical features and risk scores may improve early risk stratification.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Blood cell count
  topic: keywords
subject: coronary aneurysm
  topic: keywords
subject: C-reactive protein
  topic: keywords
subject: Kawasaki disease
  topic: keywords
creator: Merve Küçükoğlu Keser
creator: İlkay Erdoğan
creator: Esra Baskın
rights: Copyright © 2025 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-26
publication date: 2025-09-26
starting page: 289
ending page: 294
doi: 10.12956/TJPD.2025.1173

C-reactive protein as a predictor of complication and hospital stay in pediatric appendicitis: Role of inflammatory biomarkers
type: item
description: Objective: Acute appendicitis (AA) is a leading cause of pediatric abdominal pain requiring surgical intervention. Differentiating simple appendicitis (SA) from complicated appendicitis (CA) preoperatively remains a clinical challenge. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic utility of routinely available inflammatory markers—including C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, immature granulocyte (IG) count and percentage, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and mean platelet volume (MPV)—in children with AA. Material and Methods: This retrospective study included pediatric patients (<18 years) who underwent appendectomy for AA between January 2020 and December 2022. Patients were categorized as having SA or CA based on intraoperative and histopathological findings. Preoperative laboratory parameters were compared between groups. Spearman correlation and regression analyses were performed to assess associations with complication status and hospitalization duration. Results: A total of 94 patients were included (mean age: 12.1±3.6 years; 63.8% male). CA was identified in 9 patients (9.6%). CRP levels were significantly higher in the CA group (p = 0.043) and independently predicted complications (OR: 1.018, 95% CI: 1.005–1.032, p =0.009). CRP was moderately correlated with both hospital stay (r =0.369, p <0.001) and fibrinogen levels (r =0.525, p <0.001). In multivariate linear regression, CRP remained a significant predictor of prolonged hospitalization (β =0.365, p =0.002), while fibrinogen did not. IG count, IG percentage, NLR, and MPV were not significantly associated with complication status or hospital stay. Conclusion: CRP is a practical and reliable marker for predicting both complicated appendicitis and prolonged hospitalization in children. Fibrinogen is associated with disease burden but lacks independent predictive value. IG%, NLR, and MPV did not demonstrate clinical utility in this cohort. CRP may aid in preoperative risk stratification…
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
creator: Arif İsmet Çatak
creator: Sabri Cansaran
rights: Copyright © 2025 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-16
publication date: 2025-12-16
starting page: 1
ending page: 5
doi: 10.12956/TJPD.2025.1171

Assessment of enteral nutrition in preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus undergoing medical treatment
type: item
description: Objective: The aim of this study was evaluate the effect of enteral nutrition during treatment in preterms under 32 weeks of gestation with patent ductus arteriosus receiving medical treatment. Material and Methods: Preterm newborns born before 32 weeks of gestation who received medical treatment for patent ductus arteriosus were categorized into three groups based on their enteral feeding status during treatment: Group A (not fed), Group B (fed <60 ml/kg/day), and Group C (fed ≥60 ml/kg/day). Gastrointestinal system problems and neonatal morbidities were compared with nutritional status. In this retrospective study, 105 patients were included. Results: Gastrointestinal intolerance was more common in group A, which was never fed (p=0.017) and the time to full enteral nutrition was the longest in this group (p=0.024). In the most fed group C, the time to regain birth weight was the longest (p=0.002). Daily weight gain was the lowest in patients in group A (p=0.022) and mortality was the most common in this group (p=0.003). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage and sepsis between fed and unfed infants. Conclusion: No statistically significant adverse effects of enteral feeding were observed in preterms treated medically for patent ductus arteriosus. This study shows that enteral feeding does not increase gastrointestinal or neonatal morbidities, and that feeding during treatment appears to be safe
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Enteral feeding
  topic: keywords
subject: newborn
  topic: keywords
subject: patent ductus arteriosus
  topic: keywords
subject: preterm infant
  topic: keywords
creator: Berrak Naz Kırgıl
creator: Abdullah Kurt
creator: Burak Ceran
creator: Evrim Alyamaç Dizdar
creator: Cüneyt Tayman
creator: Hazım Alper Gürsu
rights: Copyright © 2025 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-21
publication date: 2025-11-21
starting page: 317
ending page: 321
doi: 10.12956/TJPD.2025.1225

Evaluation of basic life support training provided to mothers of preterm infants
type: item
description: Objective: Preterm infants admitted to neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) are at an increased risk of requiring basic life support (BLS). This study aimed to evaluate the impact of BLS training on the knowledge and anxiety levels of mothers of preterm infants. Material and Methods: This prospective descriptive study included mothers of preterm infants born at less than 37 weeks of gestation who were either discharged from the NICU or being treated in the mother-infant adaptation unit. Participants were provided with BLS training using visual materials. A questionnaire assessing knowledge levels and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI Form TX-1 and TX-2) were administered before and after the training. Pre- and post-training questionnaire responses and anxiety scores were analyzed. Results: A total of 100 mothers participated in the study. Post-training knowledge levels regarding BLS significantly improved (p<0.001). State and trait anxiety scores significantly decreased after the training (p<0.001). Mothers with a university education had higher pre-training knowledge scores compared to those with primary or secondary education (p<0.001); however, post-training knowledge levels were similar across all educational groups (p = 0.600). Conclusion: BLS training increased knowledge levels and reduced anxiety among mothers of preterm infants. Therefore, developing and disseminating appropriate BLS training programs for parents may play a crucial role in improving public health. Moreover, reducing parental anxiety through such training could contribute to enhancing the quality of neonatal care.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Preterm
  topic: keywords
subject: mother
  topic: keywords
subject: parent
  topic: keywords
subject: basic life support
  topic: keywords
subject: education
  topic: keywords
subject: anxiety
  topic: keywords
creator: Okan Şahin
creator: Sabriye Korkut
creator: Sara Erol
rights: Copyright © 2025 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-21
publication date: 2025-11-21
starting page: 322
ending page: 326
doi: 10.12956/TJPD.2025.1222

Efficacy and safety of levetiracetam treatment in childhood epilepsy
type: item
description: Objective: Levetiracetam (LEV) is a second-generation antiepileptic drug widely used in pediatric epilepsy due to its favorable pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and tolerability. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of LEV treatment in children with epilepsy. Material and Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on pediatric patients diagnosed with epilepsy and treated with LEV at a tertiary pediatric neurology center. Treatment efficacy was assessed based on seizure frequency reduction of more than 50% or complete seizure freedom. The occurrence and types of adverse effects were also analyzed. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests, independent t-tests, and logistic regression models. Results: A total of 101 patients were included in the study. LEV was initiated as the first antiepileptic drug in 9.9% of patients. By the end of the follow-up, 34.7% remained on LEV treatment, and 11.9% discontinued LEV. LEV was effective in 72.3% of patients, with 38.0% achieving complete seizure freedom. The drug was significantly more effective in patients older than four years and those with a lower pre-treatment seizure frequency. The mean LEV dose was 24.8 mg/kg/day in the effective group and 33.8 mg/kg/day in the ineffective group. Adverse effects were observed in 45.5% of patients, with the most common being drowsiness, irritability, and fatigue. Patients with a prior history of adverse reactions to other antiepileptic drugs had a significantly higher likelihood of developing side effects with LEV. Conclusion: Levetiracetam (LEV) is an effective and well-tolerated treatment option for childhood epilepsy, with high efficacy rates and a manageable safety profile. Older children, those receiving lower doses, and those with a lower pre-treatment seizure burden demonstrated better treatment outcomes. Careful monitoring is necessary for patients with a history of adverse reactions to other anti-epileptic drugs.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Antiepileptic drugs
  topic: keywords
subject: children
  topic: keywords
subject: epilepsy
  topic: keywords
subject: levetiracetam
  topic: keywords
subject: seizure control
  topic: keywords
subject: safety
  topic: keywords
subject: tolerability
  topic: keywords
creator: Arife Toksöz
creator: Serap Teber
rights: Copyright © 2025 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-21
publication date: 2025-11-21
starting page: 312
ending page: 316
doi: 10.12956/TJPD.2025.1221

From bedside to revisit: identifying risk factors for outpatient revisits following pediatric viral lower respiratory tract infections – insights from hospitalized cases of RSV, HBoV and influenza
type: item
description: Objective: Acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTIs) are among the leading causes of hospitalization, particularly in children under five years of age. A substantial proportion of children discharged after hospitalization for viral ALRTIs experience recurrent respiratory tract infections; however, the clinical predictors of these recurrences have not yet been fully defined. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between recurrent hospital visits due to respiratory tract infections within one year post-discharge and various clinical and demographic factors in pediatric patients hospitalized with ALRTIs caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human bocavirus (HBoV), or influenza viruses (IFV). Material andMethods: This retrospective observational study included pediatric patients hospitalized due to RSV, HBoV, or IFV infections between January and December 2023. Demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, hospitalization details, and post-discharge follow-up data were evaluated. Recurrent hospital visits related to respiratory tract infections within one year of discharge were analyzed. Results:A total of 519 patients were evaluated. Recurrent hospital visits due to respiratory tract infections were identified in 216 patients (41.6%) during the follow-up period. Younger age (p = 0.028) and the presence of chronic illness (p = 0.011) were found to be significant risk factors for these repeat visits. No significant association was observed between recurrent visit frequency and variables such as sex, identified viral pathogen, laboratory parameters, or radiological findings. Conclusion: Younger age and comorbid chronic illnesses were identified as important risk factors for recurrent hospital visits following viral ALRTIs. These findings highlight the need for more structured and targeted follow-up strategies in pediatric patients at higher risk after hospital discharge.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Human bocavirus
  topic: keywords
subject: influenza virus
  topic: keywords
subject: respiratory syncytial virus
  topic: keywords
creator: Kaan Çelebier
creator: Metin Yigit
rights: Copyright © 2025 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-26
publication date: 2025-09-26
starting page: 283
ending page: 288
doi: 10.12956/TJPD.2025.1219

Enhancing the Capacity of Health Systems to Overcome Challenges and Strengthening Nurses and other Healthcare Professionals in COVID-19 Process
type: item
description: Nowadays, leaders and executives are faced with a complex set of problems that do not have a complete solution, threaten their career and the future of their institutions, and that the parties are harmed. When evaluating ambiguous information that contradicts each other, the priority of the manager and leader should be to implement the solution that gives the least harm to the majority. When a process such as COVID-19, which caused a pandemic and left our lives under uncertainty, more than one crisis situation emerged, which we had to manage both personally and as healthcare professionals. The important point here is related to how we manage and lead these extraordinary situations we encountered in the Quantum era. How we keep pace with change and how we can lead this planning process is an important issue. Because people faced a risk in the context of the most important human right and constitutional right “right to live”. Therefore, how to protect ourselves and stay healthy during this process have been our top priorities. The first thing that comes to mind when it comes to protecting and strengthening health is undoubtedly the health professionals who have adopted this issue as a professional principle. Health professionals have important responsibilities in planning this crisis in terms of planning, speed, compliance and trust. This article, prepared in a compilation style, discusses what can be done within the scope of the COVID-19 process, by improving the capacity of managers and leaders to overcome difficulties in the health system they are in and strengthening nurses and health professionals.
subject: Review
  topic: section
subject: Covid-19
  topic: keywords
subject: Nurses
  topic: keywords
subject: Empowerment
  topic: keywords
subject: Leadership
  topic: keywords
subject: Management
  topic: keywords
creator: Füsun Terzioğlu
rights: Copyright © 2020 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-24
publication date: 2025-07-24
starting page: 76
ending page: 83
doi: 10.12956/tchd.733123

Management of Trauma And Surgical Procedures in Children During The COVID-19 Pandemic
type: item
description: Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infection was first identified in China and spread to the whole world in a very short time. The COVID-19 pandemic was declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020 due to the rapid inc rease in the number of cases and deaths. Studies show that the virus is primarily transmitted by respiratory droplets and close contact. Although 90% of children are asymptomatic or have mild symptoms, they should be accepted as positive until they are proven negative regardless of any complaints. Despite the process, trauma, burn and surgical emergencies continue to concern pediatric surgeons. The basic principles those generally accepted during Covid-19 pandemic are to perform emergency and urgent surgical procedures and to reschedule elective surgeries. However, the most important issue in the process is to take precautions for protecting the healthcare team and to plan keeping hospital reserves. We aimed to adapt general principles of trauma and surgery to the COVID-19 pandemic in children and to discuss the specific conditions in our review.
subject: Review
  topic: section
subject: COVID-19
  topic: keywords
subject: Pandemic
  topic: keywords
subject: Pediatric surgery
  topic: keywords
subject: Surgical procedures
  topic: keywords
subject: Trauma
  topic: keywords
creator: Müjdem Nur Azılı
creator: Emrah Şenel
rights: Copyright © 2020 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-24
publication date: 2025-07-24
starting page: 72
ending page: 75
doi: 10.12956/tchd.750444

Adverse Drug Reactions During COVID-19 Treatment
type: item
description: Adverse drug reactions are unintented and harmful reactions to drugs. Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) has been widely spread. Although many drugs are used in the treatment of COVID-19, there is still no specific treatment with proven reliability and effectiveness and there are many studies to find effective treatment. Attention should be taken regarding the properties, interactions and undesired drug reactions of drugs used in the treatment of COVID-19. The aim of this review is to draw attention to adverse drug reactions of the drugs that are being used in COVID-19 treatment.
subject: Review
  topic: section
subject: Adverse effect
  topic: keywords
subject: Covid-19
  topic: keywords
subject: Drug hypersensitivity
  topic: keywords
subject: Treatment
  topic: keywords
creator: Pınar Metbulut
creator: Emine Dibek Mısırlıoğlu
rights: Copyright © 2020 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-24
publication date: 2025-07-24
starting page: 65
ending page: 71
doi: 10.12956/tchd.757723

COVID-19 Management in Children: Approach in Pediatric Cardiology
type: item
description: In children, cardiac involvement can be observed during the course of COVID-19, which is mostly mild, and COVID-19 may develop in children who have previously been known to have congenital or acquired heart disease. The subject of this article is how these children should be evaluated cardiacly, and how the follow-up and treatment of children with heart disease will be managed during the pandemic. Considering the articles and guides published in the literature, some determinations were made and the suggestions developed were presented in this article.
subject: Review
  topic: section
subject: Approach
  topic: keywords
subject: Cardiology
  topic: keywords
subject: Children
  topic: keywords
subject: COVID-19
  topic: keywords
subject: Management
  topic: keywords
creator: İbrahim İlker Çetin
creator: Hazım Alper Gürsu
creator: İbrahim Ece
rights: Copyright © 2020 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-24
publication date: 2025-07-24
starting page: 60
ending page: 64
doi: 10.12956/tchd.753060

Cytokine Release Syndrome and Treatment in COVID-19
type: item
description: The emergent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global health problem and has been recognized as a pandemic. Although COVID-19 leads to mild flu-like symptoms in most patients, the disease may cause frequently fatal, severe complications, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome and cytokine release syndrome. In these pati ents, defects in lymphocytic cytolytic activity trigger the proinflammatory cytokine cascade, and then “cytokine storm” begins. As a result, it leads to uncontrolled active macrophage entry into the tissues and hemophagocytosis. Here, the responses of host cells, cytokine release syndrome and the therapeutic approaches to alleviate the cytokine storm in COVID-19 will be reviewed.
subject: Review
  topic: section
subject: COVID-19
  topic: keywords
subject: Cytokine Release Syndrome
  topic: keywords
subject: Cytokine Storm
  topic: keywords
subject: Tocilizumab
  topic: keywords
creator: Tuba Kurt
creator: Banu Çelikel Acar
rights: Copyright © 2020 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-24
publication date: 2025-07-24
starting page: 55
ending page: 59
doi: 10.12956/tchd.757711

Use of Convalesant Plasma in CoOVID-19 Infection
type: item
description: Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which started in December 2019 in Wuhan province in China and caused serious respiratory infections in humans, was accepted as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. The disease from SARS-CoV-2 is called COVID-19. In a short period of five months, approximately 4 million people were infected and 300 thousand people died from this disease. To date, no specific therapeutic agents or prophylaxis for COVID-19 are available, so it is among the passive immunization treatment options with the plasma of patients who recover from the disease. Convalescent plasma therapy has been used in epidemic periods in the past and has been shown to be effective. Neutralizing antibodies in plasma contributes to recovery by inactivating the virus. In the literature, there are 4 publications presenting a total of 21 patients receiving convalescent plasma. They reported that the patients benefited from the treatment of convalescent plasma and that there were no complications. Studies have been initiated about convalescent plasma all over the world and their results are interestedly awaited.
subject: Review
  topic: section
subject: Convalescent plasma
  topic: keywords
subject: COVID 19
  topic: keywords
subject: Immune plasma
  topic: keywords
subject: SARS-CoV-2
  topic: keywords
creator: İkbal Ok Bozkaya
rights: Copyright © 2020 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-24
publication date: 2025-07-24
starting page: 51
ending page: 54
doi: 10.12956/tchd.736685

Hematologic Parameters of Patients with COVID-19 Infection
type: item
description: SARS-CoV-2 causes primarily respiratory tract infection, but can also affect hematopoietic and immune systems. Quantitative and qualitative changes in lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes and platelets, are reported in infected patients. These changes are related to the severity of the disease. Lymphopenia is the most common finding in adult patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, while it is much less common in children. Leukocytosis can be detected in patients with severe infection, but rare in patients with mild to moderate infection. Thrombocytopenia or thrombocytosis can also be seen in accordance with the clinic. Dysplastic morphological changes in neutrophils and platelets can be detected in peripheral smear of patients.
subject: Review
  topic: section
subject: COVID-19
  topic: keywords
subject: Hematology
  topic: keywords
subject: lymphocyte
  topic: keywords
subject: Neutrophil Thrombocyte
  topic: keywords
creator: Ayça Koca Yozgat
creator: H. Neşe Yaralı
rights: Copyright © 2020 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-24
publication date: 2025-07-24
starting page: 48
ending page: 50
doi: 10.12956/tchd.760786

SARS COV-2 Infection in Children with Leukemia
type: item
description: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) directed great attention and anxiety all over the world. Epidemiologic models predict that the current COVID-19 pandemic will last several months or even several years, until the development of a vaccine and/or herd immunity. Although the course of the infection is often not severe in children, it can be life threatening especially in immunocompromised children with leukemia. Hematopoietic and lymphoid cancers are accounting for approximately 40% of all childhood cancers. The five-year survival rate for childhood cancer has approached to 70% and more than 80% for leukemia in our country. During COVID pandemic, children with leukemia may also have COVID-19 infection, especially when their bone marrow is depressed due to chemotherapy. It is observed that factors such as the underlying type of cancer, status of remission, or having stem cell transplantation may affect the prognosis. As well as standard and proven treatments for febrile neutropenia, all tests and treatments should be applied very quickly and properly for COVID 19 as is all suspected patients. These efforts may contribute to increase the survival of our children with cancer. Given the absence of data to address concerns related to SARS-CoV-2 infection while on chemotherapy, questions are increasing about the approach for management of systemic immunosuppressive therapies, i.e. ceasing or reducing the immunosuppressive medications in children with leukemia. The current rapid worldwide spread of COVID-19 necessitates identifying optimal preventive strategies and effective medical management. In this report, we tried to review appropriate literature-based approaches for prevention, diagnosis and management of treatment protocols for children with cancer during the pandemic period.
subject: Review
  topic: section
subject: Children
  topic: keywords
subject: Medical Management
  topic: keywords
subject: Leukemia
  topic: keywords
subject: SARS COV-2 Infection
  topic: keywords
creator: Arzu Yazal Erdem
creator: N. Yaşar Özbek
rights: Copyright © 2020 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-24
publication date: 2025-07-24
starting page: 41
ending page: 47
doi: 10.12956/tchd.743711

Coagulation System Abnormalities in Patients With COVID-19 Infection
type: item
description: COVID-19 infection caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in China led to a pandemic all over the world. Although mortality rate between 4.3% to 14.6%, studies have shown that coagulation dysfunction is a major cause of death in patients with severe COVID-19 infection. The majority of the severely ill patients have underlying disease (i.e. diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension) and initially present with respiratory insufficiency but some of them progress to systemic disease causing multiple organ dysfunction. This manuscript reviews coagulation system abnormalities in patients with COVID-19 infection.
subject: Review
  topic: section
subject: COVID-19
  topic: keywords
subject: Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
  topic: keywords
subject: Sepsis
  topic: keywords
creator: Dilek Gürlek Gökçebay
creator: N. Yaşar Özbek
rights: Copyright © 2020 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-24
publication date: 2025-07-24
starting page: 37
ending page: 40
doi: 10.12956/tchd.757753

COVID-19 Management in Pediatric Emergency Medicine
type: item
description: Emergency departments are on the front line in the management of Covid-19 cases. Emergency department personal need to be equipped with appropriate personal protective equipment and trained in its use. Pre-triage screening is necessary to prevent nosocomial infection. The clinical presentation of Covid-19 ranges from non-specific symptoms to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Personal in triage must maintain a high index of suspicion when evaluating all patients, but especially those with fever, cough, dyspnea, or signs of a respiratory illness. Healthcare workers who perform aerosol processing should be carefully. Even though morbidity and mortality are rare in pediatric population, clinicians should be aware that they may infect more vulnerable populations and social distance should be encouraged.
subject: Review
  topic: section
subject: Children
  topic: keywords
subject: COVID-19
  topic: keywords
subject: Pediatric Emergency Department
  topic: keywords
creator: Halise Akça
rights: Copyright © 2020 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-24
publication date: 2025-07-24
starting page: 34
ending page: 36
doi: 10.12956/tchd.743486

Radiology of COVID-19 in Children
type: item
description: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has been accepted as a pandemic since March 2020, has caused millions of patients and hundreds of thousands of deaths all over the world. The diagnosis of which is important due to its high contagiousness, there are many publications evaluating the radiological approach of this disease in adults, however there are very few reports of pediatric patients worldwide. The aim of this study is to evaluate the radiological approach in pediatric COVID-19 patients by literature review and to guide diagnosis and treatment follow-up with radiological findings.
subject: Review
  topic: section
subject: Computerized tomography
  topic: keywords
subject: COVID-19
  topic: keywords
subject: Pediatrics
  topic: keywords
subject: Radiology
  topic: keywords
subject: X-ray
  topic: keywords
creator: Gülşah Bayram Ilıkan
creator: Mehmet Gümüş
rights: Copyright © 2020 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-24
publication date: 2025-07-24
starting page: 26
ending page: 33
doi: 10.12956/tchd.746077

SARS-CoV-2 in Terms of Medical Microbiology Laboratory
type: item
description: Coronaviruses (CoV), which are in the Coronaviridae family, cause different severity of gastrointestinal, respiratory and systemic diseases in wild and domestic animals, and can lead to different clinical manifestations, ranging from colds to pneumonia, depending on immunity. To date, seven types of coronavirus have been identified as infectious agents in humans; of these, HCoV 229E, HCoV NL63, HCoV HKU1 and HCoV OC43 typically cause cold symptoms in immunocompetent individuals, while SARS-CoV (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus) and MERS-CoV (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus) is zoonotic and cause severe respiratory diseases and deaths. SARS CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, is the seventh coronavirus identified as an infection agent in humans, which started in December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei Province of China and was identified as a pandemic in a short time. Since the World Health Organization (WHO) defines SARS-CoV-2-sourced COVID-19 as a pandemic, and because of the increasing number of cases and deaths worldwide, structure of the novel virus and viral diagnosis methods gained importance respectively for vaccine studies and for controlling the outbreak caused by the virus.
subject: Review
  topic: section
subject: Coronavirus
  topic: keywords
subject: SARS-CoV-2
  topic: keywords
subject: Diagnosis
  topic: keywords
creator: Sibel Aydoğan
creator: Bedia Dinç
rights: Copyright © 2020 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-24
publication date: 2025-07-24
starting page: 18
ending page: 25
doi: 10.12956/tchd.741463

Personnel Protective Equipment for Healthcare Professionals During COVID-19 Pandemic
type: item
description: COVID-19 is highly contagious and transmission dynamics of COVID-19 are not yet fully elucidated. It is known that the ill person begins to become contagious before the symptoms of the disease begin. Also asymptomatic person who are infected but does not have symptoms and signs, can infect other individuals. The only way for health workers to protect themselves from COVID-19 is proper use of personal protective equipment and to ensure hand hygiene. COVID-19 is transmitted through close contact and large respiratory droplets and not transmitted by airborne. The surgical mask prevents the passage of respiratory droplets. However, during the aerosol producing procedures performed on the patient, small particles containing infectious particles are scattered to air in high amounts. Healthcare workers are more likely become infected during these procedures. It is recommended to wear respirator during these procedures. Use of masks or respirators must be in conjunction with other recommended PPE and appropriate hand hygiene.
subject: Review
  topic: section
subject: COVID-19
  topic: keywords
subject: Personnel Protective Equipment
  topic: keywords
subject: Pandemic
  topic: keywords
subject: Healthcare worker
  topic: keywords
creator: Gülsüm İclal Bayhan
creator: Tuğba Bedir Demirdağ
rights: Copyright © 2020 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-24
publication date: 2025-07-24
starting page: 15
ending page: 17
doi: 10.12956/tchd.769352

Treatment of children with COVID-19
type: item
description: Currently, there is not any specific effective treatment for COVID-19. There are many studies published and ongoing especially on adult patients. Treatment options in pediatric patients are determined according to the agents used in adult patients. Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is mild in nearly all children, a small proportion of pediatric patients develop severe or critical illness. Supportive therapy forms the basis of the treatment as the symptoms and disease course in children are mild. There are currently no randomized controlled trials of drugs that can be used to treat COVID-19 in children. However, in severe clinical cases, the drugs used in adults are evaluated and used on a case-by-case basis. There is a growing need for well-designed controlled clinical trials to better define the safety and efficacy of potential treatments for COVID-19 in children.
subject: Review
  topic: section
subject: Children
  topic: keywords
subject: COVID-19
  topic: keywords
subject: Treatment
  topic: keywords
creator: Belgin Gülhan
creator: Aslınur Özkaya Parlakay
rights: Copyright © 2020 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-24
publication date: 2025-07-24
starting page: 9
ending page: 14
doi: 10.12956/tchd.762827

COVID-19 and Children: From an Epidemiological Perspective
type: item
description: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has rapidly progressed globally started from early days of 2020 and was disseminated to 187 countries and territories by April. As of May 3, 2020, COVID-19 has led to a total of 3,507,442 cases and 245,241 related deaths, globally. Turkey, was successful to delay the first COVID-19 case until March 10, yet, case numbers increased fast, reaching to the top 7th rank in the list of countries with the highest case numbers. It is fortunate that the case-fatality ratio was relatively low, with a somewhat stable course around 2.5%. Somewhat stable course of new case numbers, with an apparent decrease through the end of April led to onset of normalization attempts in the country. The future course of the pandemic will be mainly determined by compliance of the general public with personal hygiene, mask use and social distancing. Globally, COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality rates are lower among children than in adults. Underlying mechanisms for this difference has not been clarified, yet, may be linked to lower exposure rates among children, their immune response may be different and/or higher rates of asymptomatic cases may have lower admissions/testing among children. However, it is important to emphasize that children are prone to SARS-CoV-2, too and all relevant preventions should be ensured. This issue should also be considered in evaluating potential risk of infection transfer from asymptomatic youngsters to the elderly and/or to those with chronic diseases. Data on COVID-19-related case numbers and deaths in Turkey have not been published so far for children. This requires urgent consideration for related reporting and novel research activities on health burden of COVID-19 on Turkish children. Success in combating the COVID-19 pandemic requires concurrent efforts for clinical management of patients together with epidemiological studies of available national data and establishment of specific research to provide evidence for nation…
subject: Review
  topic: section
subject: COVID-19
  topic: keywords
subject: Child health
  topic: keywords
subject: Epidemiology
  topic: keywords
subject: Transmission
  topic: keywords
subject: Prevention
  topic: keywords
creator: Banu Çakır
rights: Copyright © 2020 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2020-07-24
publication date: 2020-07-24
starting page: 1
ending page: 8
doi: 10.12956/tchd.766593

Evaluation of child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinic admissions during the COVID-19 pandemic
type: item
description: Objective: This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the changes in volume and diagnostic profile of outpatient admissions to a university hospital’s Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic during the COVID-19 pandemic, by comparing data from the pre-pandemic period and the first year of the pandemic. Material and Methods: Admissions made between March 2019–February 2020 (pre-pandemic) and March 2020–February 2021 (pandemic) to the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department of Hacettepe University were analyzed. Number of admissions, frequency, age and gender distribution, and ICD-10 diagnostic categories were compared. In addition, referral rates from pediatric emergency, general pediatrics, and adolescent medicine units were examined. Data were retrospectively obtained from patient files and analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Results: There was a 19% decrease in the total number of outpatient admissions during the pandemic. However, no significant difference was found in the number of new admissions. The mean age of children was significantly higher in the pandemic period (p<0.001). No significant difference was found in gender distribution. During the pandemic, the proportion of anxiety disorders increased significantly (p=0.001), whereas rates of specific learning disorders (p<0.001), decreased. Conclusion: Findings indicate a qualitative shift in child and adolescent mental health service use during the pandemic, with increase in anxiety disorders and decrease in specific learning disorder.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
creator: Cihan Aslan
creator: Sıla Tunç
creator: Kevser Nalbant
creator: Füsun Çuhadaroğlu Çetin
rights: Copyright © 2025 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-25
publication date: 2025-12-25
starting page: 1
ending page: 6
doi: 10.12956/TJPD.2025.1200

Psychomotor Retardation and Agenesis of Vena Cava Inferior and Sacrum Associated with Unusual Features of Vacterl Anomalies
type: item
description: We report a 3-year-old female. Her malformations included facial and limb abnormalities, sacral agenesis, ASD, VUR and the absence of inferior vena cava. Vena cava inferior agenesis association with VACTERL has not been reported in the literature before. Newborn or infants with limb anomalies should be better evaluated for the other anomalies
subject: Case Report
  topic: section
subject: Sacral agenesis
  topic: keywords
subject: VACTERL
  topic: keywords
subject: Vena cava inferior
  topic: keywords
creator: Duygu Övünç Hacıhamdioğlu
creator: Davut Gül
creator: Sabahattin Vurucu
creator: Murat Kocaoğlu
creator: Yusuf Kibar
creator: Faysal Gök
rights: Copyright © 2013 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2013-06-01
publication date: 2013-06-01
starting page: 71
ending page: 74
doi: 10.12956/tjpd.2013.22

Late Diagnosis of a Patient with Morquio Syndrome
type: item
description: Morquio Type A Syndrome (Mucopolysaccharidosis IVA) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the lysosomal accumulation of keratan sulfate and chondroitin-6 sulfate particularly in the bone and cornea due to the deficiency of N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase. The major clinical signs are short stature, skeletal dysplasia, dental anomalies, and corneal clouding. Sensorineural hearing loss, valvular heart diseases, joint laxity, and cervical myelopathy can also accompany the disease. As the affected patients do not have central nervous system involvement, the Morquio A syndrome is accepted to be a good candidate for enzyme replacement and gene therapies. Preclinical studies have shown that enzyme replacement treatment enables a significant decrease in tissue and blood keratan sulfate levels, and treatment should be performed as early as possible in lysosomal storage diseases in order to achieve successful curative therapy. In this case report, we present a patient aged 11 years and 2 months who had systemic skeletal dysplasia and was admitted to our hospital with terminal respiratory failure. Unfortunately, the patient was diagnosed as MPS IVA at the late stage of the disease and did not receive any enzyme replacement treatment.
subject: Case Report
  topic: section
subject: Morquio syndrome
  topic: keywords
subject: Diagnosis
  topic: keywords
creator: Özlem Sangün
creator: Nihal Olgaç Dündar
creator: Bumin Dündar
creator: Abdülkerim Elmas
creator: Hakan Salman
rights: Copyright © 2013 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2013-06-01
publication date: 2013-06-01
starting page: 66
ending page: 70
doi: 10.12956/tjpd.2013.21